The term ID refers to a broad range of conditions, so behaviours vary from individual to individual. There are some common behavioural traits that many people with ID exhibit. These include:
A lowered ability to understand and follow social rules might mean a child with ID would have problems with the concept of turn-taking while playing with other children or waiting in line at a bus-stop or in a queue.
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Some people with ID may exhibit what are known as ‘challenging behaviours.’ These can include aggressive or violent behaviours that can cause injury to themselves or others, and anti-social behaviours such as stealing. These behaviours can cause a good deal of distress to parents and care-givers and can create significant challenges for service providers (Inoue, 2019).
Studies suggest between 10% and 40% may engage in challenging behaviours. Children with severe intellectual disabilities, ADHD, autism, sensory impairment or mood disorders are more likely to be affected. Additionally, the problem may be compounded by lower levels of support and access to services.
The majority of people with ID are cared for by a family member – usually a parent, but sometimes a sibling – in the home. Caregivers are more likely to be a female relative than a male relative – although this is not always the case. Depending on the intensity of the care needs, and on whether there are other health issues (also known as co-morbidities), this can sometimes be a full-time, or almost full-time, job.
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The health and well-being of your loved one:
People with ID may require a higher level of medical attention and care than other children. Managing things like medications and appointments requires planning and organisation. Planning ahead and having a system may help reduce caregiver stress. Being informed can be empowering – asking questions of the physician and other healthcare professionals, and seeking out information about their loved one’s condition, will also help with care-planning and dealing with the day-to-day concerns. Keeping careful records and documenting the medical history of the person is also helpful
The safety of the individual:
Caregivers may be concerned about the safety of the individual, particularly where there is a tendency towards challenging behaviours. Furthermore, people with ID – particularly those that live in residential care facilities or attend day services – may be vulnerable to violence and abuse by others. Being aware of safe-guarding procedures and protocols of any care facility is important for caregivers. Recognising the signs of abuse or violence is also important. If the person with ID has problems communicating verbally, caregivers should watch out for changes in behaviour, unexplained bruises or injuries and other indications of distress (Stay Safe, 2019).
Social inclusion:
With the right supports, people with ID can live full and happy lives. Seeking out services and organisations that facilitate sporting, cultural and recreational activities for people with ID can increase their participation in the community and improve their overall health and well-being. Getting involved with the Special Olympics, for example, may be an activity that the whole family can get involved with. In addition, this can provide an outlet for caregivers to meet with other caregivers, share experiences and increase their own social support network (Gannon & Nolan, 2004).
Self care:
It is important for caregivers to look after their own physical and mental health. Taking time out to spend time with other family and friends or to exercise and relax is necessary to avoid burn-out and fatigue. Having a strong support network is essential so that care giving duties may occasionally be delegated to other family members or trusted friends. Research has shown that caregivers who have strong social supports are healthier, happier and more resilient than those with lower social supports. Seeking out information about what supports and/or respite services may be available is also a good idea. Respite care refers to short term care services that give families a break from the day-to-day duties of caring for a loved one with disabilities.
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With the right supports, there is no reason why a person with an intellectual disability cannot actively be included and participate in society.
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